This is year the RRC HOTY after party will be hosted jointly with Powerhouse Rowing Club and will be held at the Powerhouse Boat Club in Toorak.
To get to Powerhouse, we have organised a water taxi that will pick us up from the club (Southbank) and drop us off at Powerhouse. There will be two departure times – the first at 6.30pm and the second at 7.30pm, both will ensure you arrive at Powerhouse in time for the BBQ hosted by RRC.
Guest and former Hong Kong DJ Alex ‘Dr Vinyl’ Playsted will be providing the music which we guarantee will have you rocking well into the night.
Cost for the water taxi and BBQ is $35 and drinks will be available for purchase over the bar throughout the night. If you can’t make the water taxi, the BBQ only option is $20.
To make it payment simple, we will debit members race fee account $35 (or $20) for the number of people you are making a booking for (family and friends most welcome) and please, no payments on the night.
Places on the water taxi are limited and you have until 5pm Monday 23 November to sign-up before we extend the offer to other clubs who will be attending the evening so book early.
We look forward to seeing you at the party.
For all the details and to book click on the following link:
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=_2bhR4Z7x6Nut_2b0_2fEo96ecgg_3d_3d
Gray Matters battling the heat and the files….
Hello Rowers,
How about this hot weather, now is when your stroke timing practice really comes into play. You will need incorporate a drink of water in the recovery part of your stroke as well as brushing flies off your legs, feet and shoulders. Extensive eyebrow wiggling, blowing and loud unexpected shouting should keep them off your face (and the rest of your crew from snoozing in the sun).
Melbourne Head
Get down early for the start of the regatta and bring your family, friends and significant others and show your support for your team mates and enjoy the atmosphere. Remember cheering makes all the difference in a regatta, with a boat house right on the water this could be all the difference between us and Lake Bolac (Who had to get up even before they went to bed last night to make it there) taking the glory.
Zooties needed for Melbourne Head
Best not race in the nude, despite how much training you’ve been doing or how many dog walking ex’s with overweight new partners frequent the riverside. All rowers please bring your spare RRC zooties to lend out, as there are new members without uniform. If you don’t have a zootie please let your coach and crew mates know, so that we can make arrangements.
Hamilton Sign Up
Please respond, get on the sign up board, even if it feels a little de ja vu, yes you have to do it again, Simon (Man not Boat) Crunden had too much Mountain Goat ale or is possibly campaigning for a weekend at home with the fam and has lost all your responses. It’s your best chance to visit the Giant Wool Bales and pick up a pair of Ugg boots direct from the source.
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=9bXbJXuzas1cIDYSh9iJHw_3d_3d
Need you to sign up by this Friday 20 November 2009. Or it will be Barry and I having a romantic meal and rowing a double, the Grange looks ok, what do you think Barry?
http://www.australianexplorer.com/restaurants/hamilton_vic.htm
Boxercise
Boxersize on Monday Is on at 6.20, we thought about making it 6.19 and 34 seconds but figured we’d be a bit lenient.
Why go? Few reasons, how good are Magnums, have you tried the new one with biscuits in it!!! And the Ego is always a winner. Got to work of those calories some how. If you don’t show you need a good excuse (like working in Geelong). It’s awesome training with a real expert in the field so a great opportunity.
TIME TRIAL
Was HUGE and record breaking! Over 50 rowers and coxes – a record. Four men’s crews on water – a record. Fastest tub four time of the season 39min:50sec set by Phil, Roger, Charlie and Peter in the John Latham = 50% of the mixed masters crew competing at HoTY.
Fastest girls 8 time of 34min:04sec set by Laura S, Sophie, Karen, Susie,Silke, Laura M, Anthea, Rosie and coxed by Derek and coached by John Latham. We had 3.5 new DS crews on the water racing – so phenomenal effort from them. Puts them in good shape for HoTY D grade 8s.
Last Time Trial SUNDAY DEC 13th – Mark this in your calendar. The aim is 60+ rowers and coxes on water!
HOTY After Party
The organisers for the HOTY after party are busy in negotiations with various parties working out where we are going have our party due to the RRC retro venue not being available that night. The venue is an email away from being confirmed and the transport that we have arranged to get from the Boatclub to the venue is stroke of genius by former President Julia Avis….it will be awesome.
Keep your eyes on the blog and email and get the frock dusted off for what should be a big night of celebrations (and comparing blisters).
PS – Apologies for those people that went out and started the process of procuring retro furniture to decorate the club for the HOTY after party. For those interested, Simon (MNB) has a really nice vivid red retro couch and a couple of retro chairs that would look great in just about any setting…..going very cheap!
Girls Corner
We had a great time with the Harley’s last weekend, who would have though that the Ettamouga pub would have had all you can eat meat-lovers pizza and paintball! What a winner. Heading back this Saturday to pick up Arnie and Susie who picked up some cash in hand work concreting the new cellar.
Gray Matters getting amongst the runs
TIME TRIALS this Sunday!
The boys finally managed to do their time trial, – rating a comfortable 22 they got around the island in 31min 19sec. Meaning that they are now finally faster than the women’s crews.
So well done! (worth all that secret midnight training and the empty crate of powerbars I found in the skip when looking for Nicole’s invitation to the black tie event which is the Australian Rowing Galah Head (ARGH) after unsuccessfully attempting to convince her it was fancy dress come as your favourite farm animal).
So that we can plan crews and coxes for this weekend please let your coaches know by Thursday whether you will be time trialing. Also, the new DS will be doing their first even time trial so make them feel welcome over brunch and don’t forget to tell them how HARDCORE they are. Let’s all go with “the first time trial I did took (and then name a time between 1 hour 15 and 1 hour 45) and I had to have a nap afterwards on the bank and get plastic surgery on my hands”. Should give them hope for the future and a great ego boost.
Please stick around for brunch and an update on the 2nd half of the season and the fun racing you can look forward to. This is our second last time trial – the last one will take place on Sunday Dec 13th.
USUAL HARDCORE UPDATE: (sorry boys just a carry over from the usual women’s chatter).
Well done to the women’s 8 for beating their record and consuming 93 dim sims, Good luck in hitting the ton (in more ways than one) in December.
Well done to the B team narrowly beating the quad in backyard cricket, Super wickets taken on both sides and the score was 600 runs versus 560 for the quad, kegs consumed with much quoting of the 12th man “And welcome back to the SCG or the MCG or the Gabba or the WACA or wherever the hell we are”. (The only clean line I could print). Also for those who are coming to Coober Pedy with me on Saturday have your Harley at mine, fuelled up at 7am, first stop the Ettamoga pub for the laggards.
BOXERCISE at RRC, starting at 6.30pm. Great time of year to take this up, Christmas list writing stress, aircon not working at home, kisses your friend’s little brother/sister at the races, your work Christmas party is now BYO and at your bosses house in Monee Ponds due to budget costs, and you have to bring coleslaw and cupcakes for 38 people, all your clothes are from last season and may or may not be cool (how can you tell?) Or may be too tight (Does it make the outfit sexy or scary)!!! You have white legs and a hairy back which seem to have come from NOWHERE. So much to get you down. So go and hit something without being looked on badly by your mother.
Led by John Vickery, who has been running the weights programs for us at the Richmond Football Club. Boxercise will be run from the rowing club while the Punt Rd buildings are renovated, and as long as interest is maintained. How much? $10/full, $5/student, and like weights, I guarantee a workout that will improve your strength & cardio – rowing’s not so secret sauce.
Any questions? Ask Lionel Rose or that guy who was on Dancing with the stars, if you can’t get hold of them try Martin.
REGATTAS
– Sign up for Hamilton/Wentworth Regatta by November 16th. This is a fun and exciting regatta – if you haven’t been ask your coaches about it.
Here’s the link:
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=9bXbJXuzas1cIDYSh9iJHw_3d_3d
Barry seems to have a vested interest in this one, he may have some money riding on our medal tally. He wants you to read this
http://rrcmen.wordpress.com/category/regatta-updates/
SUPER TIGER(S) Award of the fortnight award goes to Franzie Locher and Julia Avis for spending Melbourne Cup day – not wearing fancy hats and drinking champagne – but rather painting 16 sweep oars. 16 Oars is a lot of oars to paint, so the marathon project took all week to complete. The oars will look really slick for Melbourne Head and HoTY! So thanks so much to both of them.
KNOW ANY ROWERS?
A couple more female sweep rowers are needed to make up Melbourne Head crews, please email Nicole ([email protected]) ASAP if you would like a row. So far we have almost 3 D grade fours entered.
No news from the boys, seems they are too busy stealing coxes to generate any newsworthy activity!! Thanks for leaving Joe available 2.17pm-2.34 on a Wednesday afternoon, we have advised Joe to start mumbling, rocking up late and to cease all teeth brushing.
Boxercise @ RRC
BOXERCISE at RRC, begins Monday the 9th of November at 6.30pm (arrive 10 minutes early to get paired up). Led by John Vickery, who has been running the weights programs for the club at the Richmond Football Club.
Boxercise will be run from the rowing club while the Punt Rd buildings are renovated, and as long as interest is maintained. Cost $10/full, $5/student, and like weights, I guarantee a workout that will improve your strenght & cardio – rowing’s not so secret sauce.
Martin Foster
Gray Matters the handyman
Happy Midweek Rowers,
Didn’t that sneak up, I’ve scarcely had a chance to clear my head from my spring carnival (involving circa 16 bottles of champagne and in the ballpark of 300 quiches) before it’s time to rattle on to you lot.
So as it’s now a WHOLE CLUB blog, I must draw on my masculine side and also add umm GO HAWKS and umm bring on the Boxing Day Ashes? Anyone for a pie? I would like to point out that I do undertake more jobs than picking up Nicole’s Zootie from the dry cleaners and painting the paperclips black and yellow.
Just this morning I rewired the ladies lights to flash after a person sits on the toilet for more than 20 minutes (problems with sleeping MLC school children again) and re-plumbed the men’s bathroom to use the recycled toilet water in the showers, I must say that this work has NOT been undertaken by a licenced plumber and I had some issues with the latter task and I can only hope that I have the pipes the right way around……
Melbourne Head third sat of November (so the 21st) please let your coaches or the big boss Nicole Stupka know if you want to race. Melbourne head is a huge 4.5km head race on the Yarra for all boat classes. On the bright side, the weather would have to be better than it was least year (thought the hail provided a lovely exfoliation on my blue thighs) AND you can do a running start AND you don’t need to re-rig the boats.
Now here is a tricky one for the newbies. Melbourne Head is a difference race to head of the Yarra. So make sure you know which one you have signed up for. We’d hate to have 3 people in a boat on race day and 11 a week later as per 2008, it was either squashy or hard work and made us look ridiculous, not good as this race often gets a bit of a crowd.
The Boss has picked the four crews for this year’s Head of the Yarra regatta (last week of November) . Click on the link for the full details: http://wp.me/pzFWD-4w I note that despite pulling the erg to Sandringham and back I have again lost out. Which means 2 things, no more chocolate weatons for the bickie jar (plain teddies will suffice) and I have decided against donating the proceeds of my unmatching thong sculpture entitled (Yarra Scavenger) towards the staff Christmas party bar tab and will instead use it for a HUGE manicure set and devote my mornings to improving my nail care.
To further punish you, err sorry Nicole is dictating here I meant to say further prepare you for head racing season the fourth time trial will be held on November 15th with the world masters games rowers catering brunch. Now this one I think we should attend…. HUNGRY. Don’t you see the link between MASTERS CATERING and MASTER CHEF. Hopefully this time the guys will also get a row in (and not eat all the food before we are off the water). This will be a great warm up for Melbourne head, if you want to win, get out there and get used to the distance, you’ll also know how hard you can go and what you have in the tank.
For the parma lovers out there and those who like sharing beds with team mates, sign up to HAMILTON / Wentworth. If you are good we will take you to see the Giant Wool Bales. If you are with Vodafone, say goodbye to all your friends and family for a few days. What is the Hamilton Wentworth parma no mobile coverage experience? Two days of country racing over 1000m in rural Victoria. A sign up Survey will be posted on the blog and check out the blog or the club notice board for more info. Also, Barry Campbell is organising the regatta, so have a chat to him or the more experienced RRC members to find out what it’s all about.
Phew, I’m getting tired, I could do with a bottle of Yellow or Pink or maybe a quiche or two, err I mean pie and a slab. There is so much news, so you should keep checking the RRC blog. How do I check the blog? http://3.25.77.84/blogs/ and log on to the members section of the club website http://60.230.187.253/rrcWebHouse/logon.asp
To log on the web site you will need to know your user name and password, if you’re like me it will have lots of random numbers and letters and you have no chance of remembering it so write it down.
One last very important reason to log onto the website is to make sure that you are fully financial and that there is money in your race fee account and that you have paid your dues, unless you are dating Nicole or Lucy, (which limits your chances here) an original member of the Oarsome Foursome and can drag a select (light) crew through the finish flags first each time, or shouting the club a new veranda or helicopter, you have to pay. The club has a strict “no cash, no splash” policy and your account needs to have money in it if you are to race (unless you have made prior arrangements for a payment plan with the club treasurer – Lucy Crunden).
katie gray
PANS (PA to Nicole Studka, previously PA to JK until she was transferred to the Darwin Oar Rowing Society and now champions the DORC’s up there)
Hamilton Regatta
Hamilton regatta is looming large and now is the time to sign up for what promises to be a big weekend.
The two day regatta on the weekend of December 5/6 features a variety of sculling and sweep events in all categories, is a favourite hunting ground for Richmond crews according to organiser Barry Campbell.
“Richmond has had a great success at Hamilton over the years and we have found it to be very beneficial for our newer rowers as it is one of the great country regattas with plenty of atmosphere and quality racing to keep rowers busy over the two days” he said.
The cost to attend the regatta over the two days will be approximately $95 inclusive of accommodation and boat trailer fees. Meals will be self catering and a Richmond dinner is being organised on the Saturday night.
Entries fees are a bargain at $9.50 per race and rowers attending can expect to race a minimum of two events each day with most events featuring heats and finals.
To sign up for the regatta click on the following link by November 16 2009:
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=9bXbJXuzas1cIDYSh9iJHw_3d_3d
Richmond announces Head of the Yarra crews
Head of Rowing Nicole Stupka today announced Richmond crews for this year’s Head of the Yarra regatta.
Richmond will field a total of four crews in this year’s race; one men’s crew, two women’s crews and a mixed master’s eight in what is rumoured to be the largest field assembled since the race began in 1957.
The event based on the annual ‘Tideway Head’ race held on the Thames in London is only open to eight oared boats attracts crews from all over Australia and is conducted on the Yarra River over an 8.6km course starting in the city and finishing in Hawthorn.
Nicole is confident that the Richmond crews will perform well this year following a strong build up to the regatta over the past few months.
“A number of Richmond crews are starting to hit a bit of form recently and we will be looking to consolidate the work that we have done in the coming weeks building up to the regatta” she said.
Richmond will also field a large number of crews in Melbourne Head which is being held in the week prior to the Head of the Yarra.
Richmond will also host the Head of the Yarra after party at the Richmond boat club on the Yarra after the conclusion of the regatta.
After party organiser Emma Catford said that the party will be themed as ‘retro’ in keeping with the ‘now stylish’ look of the boat club and members are in the process of accumulating old pieces of retro furniture to decorate the club for the night she said.
The after party will commence with a barbeque out the front of the boatshed from 7pm and will go well into the night with resident and former Hong Kong DJ Alex Playsted providing the tunes throughout the evening.
The crews that will represent Richmond for Head of the Yarra will be:
Mens C Grade Eight
Bow – Dennis Beck, 2 – Jonathan Downie, 3 – Matthew Lane, 4 – Andrew Smith, 5 – Alex Playsted, 6 – Martin Foster, 7 – Sam Morrison, Stroke – Tim Foster, Cox – Elaine Arrum, Coach – Simon Crunden
Female D Grade Eight
Susie Ballentyne, Rochelle Stockes, Katherine Slattery, Karen Doggett, Laura Schouten, Laura Matthews, Rosie Hicks, Sophia Robinson, Cox – Derek, Coach – John Latham
Female C Grade Eight
Edith Hamiton, Franzie Locher, Kate Dyball, Anthea Amos, Annalise Gehling, Fran Crotty, Steph Reilley, Geraldine Goss, Cox & Coach – Mike Numa
Masters Mixed 8
Elise Murch, Phil Walkom, Roger Pitt, Sally Mcarthur, Peter Zwar, Charlie Burke, Sally Allen, Julie Hope, Coach & Cox – Nicole Stupka
Gray Matters serves it up on the blog for the 1st time
Dear Wider Rowing Group, Welcome.
Now that this blog has officially opened up to the full club I just want to assure you that it is by no means too girly. Contrary to some suggestions about rowing friendly hair and makeup tips we are a group of extremely hard core rowing athletes, who like to let off a bit of steam and also flex our acquired muscles every now and again.
Usual Format
Previous editions have included Tub Press winners (similar to bench press, not cuddly members in the media) well done to Arnie (Anthea, to the newies) for taking out the grand prize (a slab) in both September and October, the Arm Wrestle a great contest narrowly taken out by Joe over Nicole (strong right arm from steering strong stroke sided boats) and the keg sculling competition taken out by yours truly last weekend (snatched from the reigning champion Emma the Pres Catford).
Regatta’s
Now is the time to ZOOTIE up. We have a few regatta’s around the corner. If you want to be in it (let alone win it) tell your coach.
Melbourne Head
Hamilton
Wentworth
HOTY CREW’s
Crew selection for HoTY will be announced tomorrow, so sit tight.
Rowing without the Rain
Indoor ergo championships, a hardy crew of 6 rowers braved the 4 min event and rowed their tiger hearts out and came back with a good medal haul. Gold went to Susie, Nicole (new Australian record) and Rochelle, Silver to Gerry, and bronze to Emma – in their respective categories. Martin only managed 4th in a tough field and has recommitted himself to more training.
Time Trials
Around the island time trials, awesome food and some great rowing. The boss showed why she has the top job and did some tricky calculations: She calculated the DS tub four times as an average score, because the same core group of rowers have been doing them, but not in the same boats.
Anyway, the average improvement from Aug is over 8 min and a ~90sec improvement from Sept to October, so well done to Justin and to those that came to camp and watch out seniors! With improvement like that
you’d better smarten up your act, consider oar heights, stroke length etc etc.
THANK YOU TO THE LOVELY MEREDITH for her awesome help with timing the time trials.
Also noted by time trials officials was that the boys just came down to eat bacon and eggs and to practice putting the IT8 on the racks and taking it off the racks. Not a complete waste of time thinking back to some previous fumbling efforts coming back from head of the Yarra when the IT was brand new and the boys were fully rehydrated with beer, they managed to knock the fin off the boat putting it back in the shed.
SUPER TIGER
It has been suggested that we have a Super Tiger each week or on an ad hoc basis as nominated to me and I’ll run it past the rest of the team at our weekly WIP.
Not only a winner with the October Arm Wrestle, but nominated as a super tiger is Joe (and her liver) for her epic Around the Bay in a Day performance, to her liver for coping with a massive dose of panadol which was needed to make through the ride, and for being multi-talented and scoring her first assist (in hockey). Of course, as always for being a gun cox!
In the absence of your nominations, I intend to nominate myself for all sorts of mundane tasks and use the petty cash for awesome prizes.
Thanks
Katie Gray PANS (PA to Nicole Studka, previously PA to JK until she was transferred to the Darwin Oar Rowing Society and now champions the DORC’s up there)
Ramblings from my WMG Experience by Gerry G
It was a terrific experience to compete at the WMG. The regatta was really well organized and it was a great privilege to row the Olympic course.
The atmosphere was really friendly and I met lots of people from all over the world. The officials were also really friendly and did not get too angry at crews arriving a bit late to the start line…personally this meant that I got to sit at the start in the cold and rain in my single waiting for a few old guys to turn up for the G quad just prior… but it was all good fun.
I also enjoyed a couple of rows as a fill in for crews I did not know, an extra challenge!
An early highlight was Derek strolling the regatta with a sign around his neck advertising his services as coxswain with the days and times he was available. At times people eager to take his phone number surrounded him and he was no doubt a very valuable addition to many crews.
Masters rowing is in age categories depending on the average age of the crew and it is great to see crews in I (av age 75-80) division and J division (80-85). I think the oldest rower was in his 90’s.
In the athletics one woman cleaned up all the medals in the 100+ category…she was pretty handy with the hammer throw! I must say that really you can’t control who else turns up so it’s not your fault if there is not too much competition in your age group!
However, the regatta was sadly cut short because of high winds on Day 4. It’s difficult to describe exactly how windy it was. It really whipped up during the heats of the A women’s double sculls and caused great havoc. About half the boats coming down the course had their bow numbers blown right off and many boats could not stay in their lane: one was meant to be in Lane 3 but was traveling in Lane 10.
The lighter women in lighter boats really struggled. Women were clearly rowing very hard yet barely moving and those who stopped at the finish line got blown back and had to cross again! At one stage the announcer said of one boat that he was not sure if it was coming last in the race before or winning the next race!
Shortly after these races racing was suspended and then cancelled for the day. Sadly many people thus missed their priority event, including Martin and Dennis in the double and the girls in a B eight, and of course it was hugely disappointing for many international competitors.
The weather forecast for Day 5 was similar but it started off as a glorious sunny day and RRC picked up some medals early in the day in the mixed double sculls and quads. Day 5 was all mixed racing which is a lot of fun because 1) it is fun and everyone knows that boats go faster with women in them 2) there are more medals up for grabs since crews are placed into divisions and medal awarded in each division race. It sounds easy but you still have to beat at least 6 other equally determined crews to be in the medals!
Sadly the Premier Event we were looking forward to, the Mixed A quad of Nicole, Emma, Dennis and Martin, reigning Australian Champions and our Gold Medal Hope was cancelled when once again the wind whipped up at about 9.45 am and the regatta was cancelled. Of all the things that you think might go right or wrong when preparing for an event I must say I had not personally considered that the event might not happen at all, and given the training this crew dedicated themselves to it was really tragic that they did not get their opportunity to claim their reward.
The day after the regatta finished a few of us went to see the kayaking and noted that it was still blowing a gale in Penrith, so even an extra day would not have helped.
Personally I was very disappointed with the all RRC A quad missing the final by 0.6 seconds in a time which would have won the heat prior…but then sport is full of such near miss stories, I believe it’s called the luck of the draw.
After the regatta was cancelled we did make the most of the opportunity to look at other sports, including volleyball, badminton, weightlifting and diving.
For me a highlight was the 70-79 diving! I watched one guy called Reg and his final dive was a sort of sideways dive which I didn’t think was too bad at all and was shocked when a couple of judges gave him zero! His total (of a possible 70) for the dive was only 5. Now I think that if you dive from the 3m spring board and you land in the water that’s worth at least one point, don’t you agree? Needless to say Reg did not figure in the medals.
I also saw Beverley, whom we had spotted at the official practice the day before, a plump lady who seemed to specialize in both front and back belly whackers, although she did pull of a very graceful swan dive from the 1m board. There were lots of hold your breath moments!
But don’t get me wrong, the standards in the sports was actually very high, with many competitors being ex Olympians/ international competitors. I met a woman who won 2 medals in rowing I (75- 80) including a double scull so I immediately sent a text to Peta (with whom I rowed the double scull) to say that really we just need to stick at it for another 30 years and we will get there too!
I met Beryl, who won silver in the Recreational over 70’s doubles tennis. She told me that during the match she actually fell over and thought she would take the opportunity while lying on the ground to have a short rest. Her partner Cyril then pretended to do CPR on her and it was all very funny until her opponent threatened to report a time violation! Beryl had a good chuckle about it.
It was actually really inspiring to see older people out there doing things and competing and enjoying themselves although I would have found the over 80 pole vault (yes really) too stressful to watch just from a purely orthopaedic viewpoint! However from what I understand no major injuries occurred.
Instead of ‘swifter, higher, stronger’ apparently the mantra is ‘older, greyer, wiser.’ It was all good fun and I am grateful to my fellow RRC competitors for all the support, especially Dennis who helped me a lot with my boat and who hardly got to row himself.
Hopefully more members will take up the challenge of Master’s rowing! If we head off to Italy in 4 years time for the next WMG however, we will all perhaps have an indoor ‘second’ sport to compete in just in case of inclement weather….
Geraldine Goss
Thirty years ago and not a female in sight (well almost)
Thirty years ago there was a fair bit of turmoil in society. Women had had the right to vote for more than seventy years, but they still couldn’t join the Melbourne Club, the Melbourne Cricket Club or even Richmond Rowing Club.
Click on the following link for a great article on women and their bid to join the Richmond Rowing Club written by former RRC President and Life Member John Sawyer:
Barry and Gwenda Lindgren – Agents for Social Change